Crop Protection

On the basis of evaluation and consistent results obtained at multilocations, following recommendations have been made for management of insects and pests and diseases in groundnut:

Rabi/Summer:

• Groundnut intercropping with bajra (8:1) and one spray of dimethoate 0.03 % at 30 DAS for managing thrips in Andhra Pradesh.
• Integration of components viz., resistant variety (R8808) with spacing of 20 X 10 cm, groundnut + bajra intercrop (4:1), two foliar sprays of phosphamidon (0.05%) and aqueous leaf extract of sorghum (10%) at 20 and 30 DAS was found most economical for the management of PBND and PSND in groundnut in Andhra Pradesh as well as Karnataka.
• Foliar application of Proficonazole @0.1% was found to be most effective and economical for the control of LLS and rust disease during rabi/summer at Vriddhachalam.
• Integration of seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum @ 10 g/kg of seed + soil application of harzianum @ 25 kg/ha gave maximum control of stem rot with highest pod yield.
• Integrated components viz, resistant variety (R 8808) with 20 X 10 cm spacing, bajra inter cropping (4:1), and 2 foliar sprays each of Phophomidon @0.05% or sorghum leaf extract (90%) at 20 and 30 DAS was found most effective in controlling PBND at Kadiri and Raichur center.

• Groundnut cultivating farmers should apply viride @ 10 g//kg seed followed by soil application of T. viride @ 2.5 kg/ha for the successful management of dry root rot of groundnut.

Kharif:

• Soil application castor cake @ 500 kg/ha + seed treatment with Trichoderma @ 4g/kg seed + intercropping with pigeon pea @ 7:1 (Andhra Pradesh); castor @ 3:1 (Gujarat); soybean @ 4:1 (Maharashtra); castor @ 3:1 (Tamil Nadu); bajra @ 3:1 (Karnataka) + need based application of NSKE @ 5% + erecting of pheromone traps (@ 10/ha) and bird perches (@ 50/ha) and if necessary one spray of chemical pesticide may be adopted.
• For managing sucking pests like, thrips and leafhoppers: a single spray of Imidacloprid 200SL @ 150 mL/ha or Thiacloprid 480SC @ 125 mL/ha or thiomethoxam 25WG @ 100g/ha or Acetamiprid 20SP @ 100g /ha between 25 and 30 DAS or on need basis.
• For managing the defoliator pests like, Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera: a single spray of Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 125 mL/ha or Flubendiamide 480 SC @ 100 mL/ha or Novaluron 10 EC @ 500 mL/ha on need basis.
• For managing Aproarema modicella: a single spray of Profenophos @ 50 EC @ 1000 mL/ha or Spinosad 45 SC @ 150 mL/ha or Flubendiamide 480 SC @ 75-100 mL/ha or Quinalphos @ 1000 mL/ha on need basis.
• For sucking pest management in groundnut: Seed treatment with Imidacloprid 600 FS/ Thiamethoxam 30 FS @ 2 mL/kg seed (1:3 ratio of chemical and water) reduces sucking pest incidence and protects the crop.
• For bruchid management in stored groundnut: Disinfecting old jute bags with Deltamethrin 2.5 SC @ 0.5 mL/L protects groundnut pods from bruchid infestation for six months of storage.
• Integration of deep tillage during summer, soil application of Trichoderma viride/ Trichoderma harzianum @ 25 kg/ha and soil application of neem cake/ castor cake @ 500 kg/ha was found most effective in controlling seed and seedling diseases.
• Soil application of FYM enriched formulation of Trichoderma (T. Viride / T. harzianum) was found most economical in managing the soil-borne disease (collar rot, stem rot, root rot, and pod rot) in groundnut.
• IPM module has been adoptedin groundnut based cropping system (IPM technology with the main components of soil application of Castor Cake @ 500 kg/ha; seed treatment with Trichoderma sp (locally available formulation); Intercropping with locally recommended intercrops; need based application of crude neem oil (2%) and/or 5% NSKE; Erecting of pheromone traps @ 10/ha, if necessary, one spray of locally recommended chemical)
• Biological control of major diseases of groundnut using Pseudomonas fluorescens
• Use of talc based formulation of Trichoderma viride or Pseudomonas fluorescens as seed treatment @ 10g /kg seed to reduce collar rot, stem rot and tikka diseases of groundnut
• Seed treatment with tebuconazole 2DS @1.5g/kg seed was highly effective in reducing collar rot and stem rot.
• Application of Trichoderma as seed and soil treatment along with foliar spray of hexaconazole was effective and economical in reducing collar rot and stem rot and suggested for integrated management of major diseases in groundnut.
• For Integrated Management of PBND in groundnut, it has been suggested to grow border crop of jowar (4 rows) with higher seed rate (@ 200 kg/ha) of groundnut treated with Imidacloprid 600 FS @ 1 ml/kg of seed followed by foliar application with Thiocloprid 480 SC@ 150 ml/ha at 20 DAS, and Acetamiprid 20 SP @ 100 g/ha at 35-40 DAS reduces PBND incidence and thrips damage up to 58%, as well as increasing pod and haulm yield up to 18% and 29%, respectively with ICBR up to1:2.5.

• Modules for effective management of peanut bud necrosis (PBND) developed.

Effective management strategies (Deep summer ploughing + soil application of Trichoderma sp. @ 4 kg/ha enriched in 250 kg FYM/ha as basal application, then seed treatment with Tebuconazole 1.5 g/kg seed followed by PGPR @ 625 g/per ha of seed, then again soil application of Trichoderma sp. @ 4 kg/ha enriched in FYM @ 250 kg/ha at 35 and 70 DAS) for soil-borne fungal pathogens developed.